八角枫 Alangium chinense (Loureiro) Harms 落叶乔木或灌木,高3-5米,稀达15米,胸高直径20厘米;小枝略呈“之”字形,幼枝紫绿色,无毛或有稀疏的疏柔毛,冬芽锥形,生于叶柄的基部内,鳞片细小。叶纸质,近圆形或椭圆形、卵形,顶端短锐尖或钝尖,基部两侧常不对称,一侧微向下扩张,另一侧向上倾斜,阔楔形、截形、稀近于心脏形,长13-19 (-26)厘米,宽9-15 (-22)厘米,不分裂或3-7 (-9)裂,裂片短锐尖或钝尖,叶上面深绿色,无毛,下面淡绿色,除脉腋有丛状毛外,其余部分近无毛;基出脉3-5 (-7),成掌状,侧脉3-5对;叶柄长2.5-3.5厘米,紫绿色或淡黄色,幼时有微柔毛,后无毛。聚伞花序腋生,长3-4厘米,被稀疏微柔毛,有7-30(-50)花,花梗长5-15毫米;小苞片线形或披针形,长3毫米,常早落;总花梗长1-1.5厘米,常分节;花冠圆筒形,长1-1.5厘米,花萼长2-3毫米,顶端分裂为5-8枚齿状萼片,长0.5-1毫米,宽2.5-3.5毫米;花瓣6-8,线形,长1-1.5厘米,宽1毫米,基部粘合,上部开花后反卷,外面有微柔毛,初为白色,后变黄色;雄蕊和花瓣同数而近等长,花丝略扁,长2-3毫米,有短柔毛,花药长6-8毫米,药隔无毛,外面有时有褶皱;花盘近球形;子房2室,花柱无毛,疏生短柔毛,柱头头状,常2-4裂。核果卵圆形,长约5-7毫米,直径5-8毫米,幼时绿色,成熟后黑色,顶端有宿存的萼齿和花盘,种子1颗。花期5-7月和9-10月,果期7-11月。
产河南、陕西、甘肃、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、台湾、江西、湖北、湖南、四川、贵州、云南、广东、广西和西藏南部;生于海拔1800米以下的山地或疏林中。东南亚及非洲东部各国也有分布。模式标本采自广州郊区。
本种药用,根名白龙须,茎名白龙条,治风湿、跌打损伤、外伤止血等。树皮纤维可编绳索。木材可作家具及天花板。
Shrubs or small trees, 3-5 m tall. Branchlets pubescent when young, glabrescent. Petiole reddish, 4-6 cm; leaf blade ovate or orbicular to cordate, 8-20 × 5-12 cm, abaxially tufted pubescent at axils of veins, adaxially glabrous, strongly 3-5-veined at base, base usually oblique, occasionally rounded or subrounded, or triangular, margin entire or with few shallow lobes, apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary cymes, 3-15-flowered. Flowers ca. 2 cm. Calyx lobes 4-7, shortly dentate. Petals valvate, 6(-8), lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm. Stamens 6-8, ca. as many as petals, glabrous. Drupe ovoid, 5-7 mm, seed 1. Fl. May-Jul, Sep-Oct, fr. Jul-Nov.
Forests, forest margins, exposed places; below 2500 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, S Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Nepal; E Africa, SE Asia].
八角枫花枝 八角枫果枝