翅荚香槐
分类:植物科普
翅荚香槐 Cladrastis platycarpa (Maxim.) Makino
翅荚香槐花期
翅荚香槐果期
大乔木，高30米，胸径80-120厘米；树皮暗灰色，多皮孔。一年生枝被褐色柔毛，旋即秃净。奇数羽状复叶；小叶3-4对，互生或近对生，长椭圆形或卵状长圆形，基部的最小，顶生的最大，通常长4-10厘米，宽3-5.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部钝圆或宽楔形，侧生小叶基部稍偏斜，上面无毛，下面近中脉处被疏柔毛或无毛，中脉上面稍凹陷，下面明显隆起，侧脉6-8对，近边缘网结，细脉明显；小叶柄长3-5毫米，密被灰褐色柔毛；小托叶钻状，长达2毫米，无毛。圆锥花序长30厘米，径15厘米；花序轴和花梗被疏短柔毛，花梗细，长3-4毫米；花萼阔钟状，与花梗等长，密枝棕褐色绢毛，萼齿5，三角形，近等长；花冠白色，芳香，旗瓣长圆形，瓣片长6毫米，宽4毫米，柄长约4毫米，先端圆或微凹缺，翼瓣三角状卵形，瓣片长8毫米，宽5毫米，柄长3-4毫米，稍具耳，龙骨瓣卵形，与翼瓣近等长，稍宽，柄纤细，长约4毫米；雄蕊10,离生；子房线形，被淡黄白色疏柔毛，花柱稍弯曲，胚珠5-6粒。荚果扁平，长椭圆形或长圆形，长4-8厘米，宽1.5-2厘米，两侧具翅，不开裂，有种子1-2粒，稀4粒；种子长圆形，长约8毫米，宽3毫米，压扁，种皮深褐色或黑色。花期4-6月，果期7-10月。
产江苏、浙江、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、云南。生于山谷疏林中和村庄附近的山坡杂木林中，海拔1000米以下。日本也有分布。
材质致密坚重，可作建筑用材或提取黄色染色。
Trees, to 30 m tall, 80-120 cm d.b.h.; bark dark gray, many lenticellate. Leaves imparipinnately compound; leaf-lets (7-)13(-15); stipels 1 on either side of pulvinus, un-branched, subulate, to 2 mm, glabrous; petiolule 3-5 mm, densely gray-brown hairy; blades long elliptic or ovate-oblong, smaller toward base, 2-10 × 1-3.5 cm, pilose near midrib or glabrous abaxially, glabrous adaxially, veins obviously raised abaxially with obvious veinlets, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Panicle 9-30 cm, to 15 cm in diam. Pedicel slender, 7-11 mm. Calyx campanulate, densely white-yellow sericeous, triangular toothed. Corolla white, with yellow spot in throat; standard oblong, 5.3-8.2 × 5.3-8.6 mm, rounded or retuse at apex, claw 1.2-4.8 mm; wings lanceolate-ovate, 5.9-9.3 × 3.2-5.4 mm, slightly auriculate, claw 2.9-5.1 mm; keels lanceolate, 6.4-9.9 × 3.5-5.9 mm, base auriculate. Ovary linear, yellow-white pubescent, 5-7-ovuled; style slightly curved. Leg-umes long elliptic or oblong, 5-8 × 1.5-2 cm, winged on both sides, indehiscent. Seeds 1-3, dark brown or black, oblong, ca. 8 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct.
Forests in valleys and on slopes; below 1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].
