翅荚香槐
分类:植物科普
翅荚香槐 Cladrastis platycarpa (Maxim.) Makino 
         大乔木,高30米,胸径80-120厘米;树皮暗灰色,多皮孔。一年生枝被褐色柔毛,旋即秃净。奇数羽状复叶;小叶3-4对,互生或近对生,长椭圆形或卵状长圆形,基部的最小,顶生的最大,通常长4-10厘米,宽3-5.5厘米,先端渐尖,基部钝圆或宽楔形,侧生小叶基部稍偏斜,上面无毛,下面近中脉处被疏柔毛或无毛,中脉上面稍凹陷,下面明显隆起,侧脉6-8对,近边缘网结,细脉明显;小叶柄长3-5毫米,密被灰褐色柔毛;小托叶钻状,长达2毫米,无毛。圆锥花序长30厘米,径15厘米;花序轴和花梗被疏短柔毛,花梗细,长3-4毫米;花萼阔钟状,与花梗等长,密枝棕褐色绢毛,萼齿5,三角形,近等长;花冠白色,芳香,旗瓣长圆形,瓣片长6毫米,宽4毫米,柄长约4毫米,先端圆或微凹缺,翼瓣三角状卵形,瓣片长8毫米,宽5毫米,柄长3-4毫米,稍具耳,龙骨瓣卵形,与翼瓣近等长,稍宽,柄纤细,长约4毫米;雄蕊10,离生;子房线形,被淡黄白色疏柔毛,花柱稍弯曲,胚珠5-6粒。荚果扁平,长椭圆形或长圆形,长4-8厘米,宽1.5-2厘米,两侧具翅,不开裂,有种子1-2粒,稀4粒;种子长圆形,长约8毫米,宽3毫米,压扁,种皮深褐色或黑色。花期4-6月,果期7-10月。 
         产江苏、浙江、湖南、广东、广西、贵州、云南。生于山谷疏林中和村庄附近的山坡杂木林中,海拔1000米以下。日本也有分布。 
         材质致密坚重,可作建筑用材或提取黄色染色。 
         Trees, to 30 m tall, 80-120 cm d.b.h.; bark dark gray, many lenticellate. Leaves imparipinnately compound; leaf-lets (7-)13(-15); stipels 1 on either side of pulvinus, un-branched, subulate, to 2 mm, glabrous; petiolule 3-5 mm, densely gray-brown hairy; blades long elliptic or ovate-oblong, smaller toward base, 2-10 × 1-3.5 cm, pilose near midrib or glabrous abaxially, glabrous adaxially, veins obviously raised abaxially with obvious veinlets, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Panicle 9-30 cm, to 15 cm in diam. Pedicel slender, 7-11 mm. Calyx campanulate, densely white-yellow sericeous, triangular toothed. Corolla white, with yellow spot in throat; standard oblong, 5.3-8.2 × 5.3-8.6 mm, rounded or retuse at apex, claw 1.2-4.8 mm; wings lanceolate-ovate, 5.9-9.3 × 3.2-5.4 mm, slightly auriculate, claw 2.9-5.1 mm; keels lanceolate, 6.4-9.9 × 3.5-5.9 mm, base auriculate. Ovary linear, yellow-white pubescent, 5-7-ovuled; style slightly curved. Leg-umes long elliptic or oblong, 5-8 × 1.5-2 cm, winged on both sides, indehiscent. Seeds 1-3, dark brown or black, oblong, ca. 8 mm. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct. 
           Forests in valleys and on slopes; below 1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan].

翅荚香槐花期

翅荚香槐果期

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