鸡桑
分类:植物科普
鸡桑 Morus australis Poir.
鸡桑雄花
鸡桑雌花
鸡桑叶片
鸡桑果期
灌木或小乔木，树皮灰褐色，冬芽大，圆锥状卵圆形。叶卵形，长5-14厘米，宽3.5-12厘米，先端急尖或尾状，基部楔形或心形，边缘具粗锯齿，不分裂或3-5裂，表面粗糙，密生短刺毛，背面疏被粗毛；叶柄长1-1.5厘米，被毛；托叶线状披针形，早落。雄花序长1-1.5厘米，被柔毛，雄花绿色，具短梗，花被片卵形，花药黄色；雌花序球形，长约1厘米，密被白色柔毛，雌花花被片长圆形，暗绿色，花柱很长，柱头2裂，内面被柔毛。聚花果短椭圆形，直径约1厘米，成熟时红色或暗紫色。花期3-4月，果期4-5月。
产辽宁、河北、陕西、甘肃、山东、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏等省区。常生于海拔500-1000米石灰岩山地或林缘及荒地。朝鲜、日本、斯里兰卡、不丹、尼泊尔及印度也有分布。
韧皮纤维可以造纸，果食成熟时味甜可食。
Small trees or shrubs. Bark grayish brown. Winter buds conic to ovoid, large. Stipules linear-lanceolate. Petiole 1-1.5 cm, pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate to broadly ovate, simple or (2 or)3-5-lobed, lobes rounded to linear, 5-14 × 1-12 cm, abaxially sparsely covered with thick hairs, adaxially scabrous and densely covered with short hairs, base cuneate to cordate, margin serrate or entire and without subulate apiculum or seta, apex acute to caudate. Male catkins 1-1.5 cm, pubescent. Female inflorescences globose, ca. 1 cm, densely white pubescent; peduncle short. Male flowers: calyx lobes green, ovate; anther yellow. Female flowers: calyx lobes dark green, oblong; style long; stigma 2-branched, abaxially pubescent. Syncarp red to dark purple when mature, shortly cylindric, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Apr-May.
Limestone areas, forest margins, mountain slopes, fallow land, scrub in valleys; 500-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim].
The bark fibers are used for making paper and the fruit are edible.
