青榨槭
分类:植物科普
青榨槭 Acer davidii Franch. 
           落叶乔木,高约10-15米,稀达20米。树皮黑褐色或灰褐色,常纵裂成蛇皮状。小枝细瘦,圆柱形,无毛;当年生的嫩枝紫绿色或绿褐色,具很稀疏的皮孔,多年生的老枝黄褐色或灰褐色。冬芽腋生,长卵圆形,绿褐色,长约4-8毫米;鳞片的外侧无毛。叶纸质,外貌长圆卵形或近于长圆形,长6-14厘米,宽4-9厘米,先端锐尖或渐尖,常有尖尾,基部近于心脏形或圆形,边缘具不整齐的钝圆齿;上面深绿色,无毛;下面淡绿色,嫩时沿叶脉被紫褐色的短柔毛,渐老成无毛状;主脉在上面显著,在下面凸起,侧脉11-12对,成羽状,在上面微现,在下面显著;叶柄细瘦,长约2-8厘米,嫩时被红褐色短柔毛,渐老则脱落。花黄绿色,杂性,雄花与两性花同株,成下垂的总状花序,顶生于着叶的嫩枝,开花与嫩叶的生长大约同时,雄花的花梗长3-5毫米,通常9-12朵常成长4-7厘米的总状花序;两性花的花梗长1-1.5厘米,通常15-30朵常成长7-12厘米的总状花序;萼片5,椭圆形,先端微钝,长约4毫米;花瓣5,倒卵形,先端圆形,与萼片等长;雄蕊8,无毛,在雄花中略长于花瓣,在两性花中不发育,花药黄色,球形,花盘无毛,现裂纹,位于雄蕊内侧,子房被红褐色的短柔毛,在雄花中不发育。花柱无毛,细瘦,柱头反卷。翅果嫩时淡绿色,成熟后黄褐色;翅宽约1-1.5厘米,连同小坚果共长2.5-3厘米,展开成钝角或几成水平。花期4月,果期9月。
           产华北、华东、中南、西南各省区。在黄河流域长江流域和东南沿海各省区,常生于海拔500-1500米的疏林中。模式标本采自四川宝兴。 
          本种生长迅速,树冠整齐,可用为绿化和造林树种。树皮纤维较长,又含丹宁,可作工业原料。 
         Trees ca. 10 m tall, andromonoecious, but often with an androdioecious sex expression. Bark gray-brown. Branchlets brownish green or greenish purple, glabrous; winter buds oblong, small, glabrous, scales 2 pairs. Leaves deciduous; petioles 3-6 cm, rufous pubescent when young; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially dark green, ovate, ovate-oblong, or suborbicular-ovate, (6-)8-12(-14) × (4-)5-8(-9) cm, papery, abaxially rufous pubescent on veins when young, glabrescent when mature, adaxially glabrous, veins 10-13 pairs, base subcordate or rounded, margin undivided or (3 or)5-lobed, serrulate or doubly serrate, apex acuminate or rarely caudate-acuminate; lobes apically obtuse or middle lobe triangular and lateral and basal lobes apically acute. Flowers greenish yellow. Inflorescence pendulous, racemose. Pedicel 1-1.5 cm, slender. Sepals 5, elliptic, ca. 4 mm, apex obtuse. Petals 5, obovate, ca. 4 mm. Stamens 8, ca. 3 mm, glabrous; anthers yellow. Disk glabrous, lobes intrastaminal. Ovary rudimentary. Fruit brownish yellow; nutlets flat, 8-10 × ca. 6 mm; wing including nutlet 2.5-2.8 cm, wings spreading horizontally or obtusely. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. Sep. 2n = 26. 
           Mixed forests. Anhui, Fujian, SE Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Ningxia, S Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Myanmar]. 
           This species is ornamental for its snakelike bark and the autumn coloration of its leaves.

青榨槭花期

青榨槭叶片

青榨槭果期

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