黄山栎
分类:植物科普
黄山栎 Quercus stewardii Rehd.
黄山栎叶片
黄山栎花期
黄山栎果期
落叶乔木，高达10米，树皮灰褐色，纵裂。小枝粗壮，初被疏毛，老时具圆形淡褐色皮孔；冬芽宽卵形，顶芽长5-6毫米，芽鳞多数，被疏毛。叶片倒卵形或宽倒卵形，长11-15厘米，宽7-11厘米，顶端短钝尖，基部窄圆，叶缘具粗锯齿或波状齿，老时叶背中脉两侧有星状毛，侧脉每边10-16条，支脉明显；叶柄极短，被长绒毛；托叶线形，长3毫米，宿存。壳斗杯形，包着坚果1/2，直径1.5-2.2厘米，高约1厘米；小苞片线状披针形，长约4毫米，宽约1毫米，红褐色，被短绒毛。坚果近球形，高、径1.3-1.8厘米，无毛。花期3-4月，果期9月。
产安徽、浙江、江西、湖北等省。生于海拔1 000-1 750米的山坡。在黄山海拔1 500米以上为组成森林的主要树种之一。在大别山地区常与青冈、小叶青冈组成混交林。喜生于干旱的沙质土壤，抗风及抗寒力较强。模式标本采自安徽黄山。
木材为环孔材，边材黄色，心材深褐色，气干密度0.854克/立方厘米；栎实含淀粉45.1％，单宁6.2％，蛋白质6.9％，油脂3.1％。
Deciduous trees, up to 10 m tall, bark grayish brown, longitudinally split. The branchlets are thick, initially sparsely hairy, with round light brown pores when old; the winter buds are wide and ovate, the terminal buds are 5-6 mm long, most of them are sparsely hairy. The leaf blade is obovate or wide obovate, 11-15cm long and 7-11cm wide, with short blunt tip at the top, narrow and round base, rough serrated or undulate teeth at the leaf margin, star hairs on both sides of the midvein at the back of the leaf when the leaf is old, 10-16 lateral veins on each side, obvious branch veins; the petiole is extremely short, with long villi; stipules are linear, 3mm long, persistent. The bracteoles are linear lanceolate, about 4 mm long and 1 mm wide, reddish brown and covered with short villi. Nut subglobose, h, D 1.3-1.8 cm, glabrous. The flowering period is from March to April, and the fruiting period is September.
Produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei and other provinces. Born on a hillside between 1 000-1 750 meters above sea level. It is one of the main tree species that make up the forest in Huangshan Mountain. In Dabie Mountains, it is often mixed with Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Cyclobalanopsis microphylla. It likes to grow in dry sandy soil and has strong wind and cold resistance. The model specimens were collected from Huangshan, Anhui Province.
The wood is annular wood, sapwood is yellow, heartwood is dark brown, air dry density is 0.854g/cm3; Quercus contains 45.1% starch, 6.2% tannin, 6.9% protein and 3.1% oil.
