尖萼梣
分类:植物科普
尖萼梣 Fraxinus odontocalyx Handel-Mazzetti ex E. Peter
尖萼梣花期
尖萼梣果期
落叶乔木，高10-12米；树皮灰色。芽卵状三角形，鳞片2-3对，外侧密被红褐色糠秕状腺毛，干后变黑，内侧密被黄色硬毛。小枝灰黄色，无毛，皮纵裂，散生细小、凸起的淡黄色皮孔，老枝灰褐色，圆柱形，具明显凸起的纵棱，不挺直，节稍大。羽状复叶长10-15厘米；叶柄长3-4.5厘米，基部扩大；叶轴具深沟，小叶着生处具关节，稍呈之字形曲折；小叶（3-）5（-7）枚，硬纸质，长椭圆形或披针形，长3-7.5厘米，宽1.5-3厘米，先端长渐尖，基部狭楔形，叶缘具内弯的粗据齿，两面无毛或下面基部稀被柔毛，散生细腺点，中脉在上面凹入，侧脉6-10对，细脉凸起，下面脉纹明显网结；小叶柄长约5毫米。圆锥花序顶生枝端，长约7厘米，花疏生，分枝基部常具叶状苞片，节间整齐而明显；花序梗扁平，近无毛或嫩时被疏散曲柔毛，无皮孔；花梗细而短，长约1.5毫米；雄花与两性花异株；花萼阔杯状，直径1.5毫米，颧齿三角形，先端锥尖，无毛，膜质；花冠黄绿色，裂片线形，长约1.5毫米，两端均狭尖；雄花具雄蕊2枚，藏于花冠之内，花药椭圆形，长约1.5毫米，花丝极短，花冠裂片早落；两性花的雄蕊与雌蕊近等长，花柱短，柱头长圆形，2浅裂。翅果倒披针形，长2-3厘米，宽4-6毫米，中上部最宽，先端斜凹，中央具宿存花柱，紫色甚美丽，翅延至坚果中部，坚果长约1厘米，脉棱细直；花萼宿存。花期5月，果期9月。
产于陕西、安徽、浙江、福建、广东、广西、湖北、四川、贵州。生山地旷野、路旁，海拔800-2 400米。模式标本采自四川天全。
Trees 10-20 m tall, subglabrous. Branchlets terete, scabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3 at branch tips; petiole 4-5 cm; axis adaxially with ridges expanding into narrow wings; leaflets 7-11(-13); petiolule 5-12 mm; leaflet blade ovate, lanceolate, or narrowly lanceolate, 2.5-8(-12) X 1.5-4 cm, papery, adaxially glabrous, abaxially with dense minute glandular dots, sometimes puberulent along midvein, base cuneate, attenuate to petiolule, margin irregularly deltate dentate, apex acuminate or long acuminate; primary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein. Cymose panicles lateral at branches of previous year, ca. 5 cm. Flowers polygamous, appearing before leaves, opposite or in whorls of 3; without calyx and corolla. Samara oblanceolate, 3-5 cm X 5-8 mm; wing decurrent to base of nutlet, strongly twisted. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 46.
On open fields of mountainous regions, roadsides; 800-2400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.
